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Basic math symbols
Symbol
|
Symbol Name
|
Meaning / definition
|
Example
|
=
|
equals sign
|
equality
|
3 = 1+2
3 is equal to 1+2 |
≠
|
not equal sign
|
inequality
|
2 ≠ 3
2 is not equal to 2 |
≈
|
approximately equal
|
approximation
|
sin(0.01) ≈
0.01,
x ≈ y means x is approximately equal to y |
>
|
strict inequality
|
greater than
|
3 > 2
3 is greater than 2 |
<
|
strict inequality
|
less than
|
2 < 3
2 is less than 3 |
≥
|
inequality
|
greater than or equal
to
|
5 ≥ 4,
x ≥ y means x is greater than or equal to y |
≤
|
inequality
|
less than or equal to
|
4 ≤ 5,
x ≤ y means x is greater than or equal to y |
( )
|
parentheses
|
calculate expression
inside first
|
2 × (3+5)
= 16
|
[ ]
|
brackets
|
calculate expression
inside first
|
[(1+2)*(1+5)]
= 18
|
+
|
plus sign
|
addition
|
1 + 1 = 2
|
−
|
minus sign
|
subtraction
|
2 − 1 = 1
|
±
|
plus - minus
|
both plus and minus
operations
|
3 ± 5 = 8
and -2
|
∓
|
minus - plus
|
both minus and plus
operations
|
3 ∓ 5 = -2 and
8
|
*
|
asterisk
|
multiplication
|
2 * 3 = 6
|
×
|
times sign
|
multiplication
|
2 × 3 = 6
|
∙
|
multiplication dot
|
multiplication
|
2 ∙ 3 = 6
|
÷
|
division sign / obelus
|
division
|
6 ÷ 2 = 3
|
/
|
division slash
|
division
|
6 / 2 = 3
|
–
|
horizontal line
|
division / fraction
|
|
mod
|
modulo
|
remainder calculation
|
7 mod 2 =
1
|
.
|
period
|
decimal point, decimal
separator
|
2.56 =
2+56/100
|
ab
|
power
|
exponent
|
23 =
8
|
a^b
|
caret
|
exponent
|
2 ^ 3 =
8
|
√a
|
square root
|
√a · √a = a
|
√9 =
±3
|
3√a
|
cube
root
|
3√a · 3√a · 3√a =
a
|
3√8 = 2
|
4√a
|
fourth root
|
4√a · 4√a · 4√a · 4√a =
a
|
4√16 = ±2
|
n√a
|
n-th
root (radical)
|
for n=3, n√8 = 2
|
|
%
|
percent
|
1% = 1/100
|
10% × 30 =
3
|
‰
|
per-mille
|
1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%
|
10‰ × 30 = 0.3
|
ppm
|
per-million
|
1ppm =
1/1000000
|
10ppm × 30
= 0.0003
|
ppb
|
per-billion
|
1ppb = 1/1000000000
|
10ppb × 30 = 3×10-7
|
ppt
|
per-trillion
|
1ppt = 10-12
|
10ppt × 30
= 3×10-10
|
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