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Tariq Jameel, commonly referred to as Maulana Tariq Jameel, is a Pakistani religious and Islamic scholar, preacher, and public speaker from Pakistan. He is listed as a popular speaker in the 2013/2014 edition of the book The Muslim 500. In May 2014, the International Human Rights Commission Chief Ambassador met Tariq Jameel along with Asad Bashir and Veena Malik at Dubai and thanked him for promoting the true picture of Islam.
Michael Phelps is an American competition swimmer and the most decorated Olympian of all time. He holds 39 world records (29 individual, 10 relay), surpassing Mark Spitz’s previous record of 33 world records (26 individual, 7 relay). The male swimmers with the next-highest career medal totals have exactly half of Phelps’ total. Mark Spitz, Matt Biondi and Ryan Lochte all have 11.
When Michael Phelps was in the sixth grade, he was diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The more interesting fact about him is he placed his bedroom environment at a high altitude to decreases the amount of oxygen available, which forces his body to work harder to produce more red blood cells and deliver oxygen to his muscles. It also helps Phelps increase his performance endurance and prepare himself for competitions at high elevations.
“Once I'm already in my room I still have to open a door to get into my bed," Phelps said on the CBS News program "60 Minutes" in 2012. "It's just like a giant box. It's like 'boy and the bubble.'”
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Sensex and Nifty two major stock indices of Indian share markets are trading in its all time time as of June 2017. BSE SENSEX - 31,273.27 - 2 Jun, 11:26 AM IST and NIFTY 50 - 9,648.50 - 11:27 AM IST.
Both Sensex and Nifty are Calculated using Free-float methodology.
Free-float methodology is a method to calculate market capitalization index for particular market. It is calculated by taking the equity's price and multiplying it by the number of shares readily available in the market i.e excluding the following categories
The free-float methodology has been adopted by most of the world's major indexes.
Step - 1 Determining the market capitalization for each company
Market Capitalization = Shares outstanding * Price
Step - 2 Weights of company is determined by NSE (for nifty). Weights is a multiple by which company’s Market capitalization is multiplied to arrive at Free-float market capitalization. The weights for each company in the index are determined based on the public shareholding of the companies as disclosed in the shareholding pattern submitted to the stock exchanges on quarterly basis. Weights are between 0.05 to 1.
Step – 3 Calculation of Free Float Market Capitalization
FFMC= Shares outstanding * Price * IWF
IWF - Investible weight factors (weights used in Nifty)
Step –4 Calculating the Index Value
Index value = Current Market Value / Base Market Capital * Base Index Value
Base Date and Value
Base market capital of the Index is the aggregate market capitalisation of each scrip in the Index during the base period. The market cap during the base period is equated to an Index value of 1000 known as the base Index value. The base period selected for NIFTY 50 index is the close of prices on November 3, 1995, which marks the completion of one year of operations of NSE's Capital Market Segment. The base value of the index has been set at 1000 and a base capital of Rs.2.06 trillion.
The method also takes into account constituent changes in the index and importantly corporate actions such as stock splits, rights, etc without affecting the index value. The index is reviewed every six months (on half-yearly basis) and a four weeks’ notice is given to the market before making changes to the index set. The Index Maintenance Sub-committee takes all decisions on addition/ deletion of companies in any Index.
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Measurement scales are classified popularly under four categories:
Let’s discuss in brief about these measurement scales before going on for some technical details. If you want to test Network of 50 smart phone users. Let’s begins by evaluating each on 4G – Non 4G data; this is a nominal measurement. Then the users ranks the Quality from best to worst; this is an ordinal measurement. Next, the mobile users uses a 5 or 7 point scale that has equal distance between points to rate the 4G network with regard to some criterion (e.g., data speed, Coverage, cost and etc.., ); this is an interval measurement. Finally, the user considers another network dimensions (eg.3G) and assigns 100 points among the 50 smart phone users; this is a ratio measurement. The characteristics of these measurement scales are summarized in below table.
Note: Likert scale variables falls under Ordinal and/or Interval scale depends on the nature of the measurement.
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Measures of location are used in order to determine where the data distribution is concentrated. The most usual measures of location are Mean and Median
Mean
The mean of a set of numerical observations is just the familiar arithmetic average. The sum of the observations divided by the number of observations gives you Arithmetic Mean. It is helpful to have concise notation for the variable on which observations were made.
were
x = the variable for which we have sample data
n = the number of observations in the sample (the sample size)
x1 = the first observation in the sample
x2 = the second observation in the sample
xn = the nth (last) observation in the sample
The Greek letter Ʃ is traditionally used in mathematics to denote summation. It denotes the sum of all the x values in the data set.
Median
Like a median strip of a highway divides the highway in half, the median of a numerical data set does the same thing for a data set. Once the data values have been listed in order from smallest to largest, the median is the middle value in the list, and it divides the list into two equal parts. Depending on whether the sample size n is even or odd, the process of determining the median is slightly different. When n is an odd number (say, 7), the sample median is the single middle value. But when n is even (say, 8), there are two middle values in the ordered list, and we average these two middle values to obtain the sample median.
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Each statistical tests or methods has its own terminology and symbols, but the following are commonly used by all statisticians / researchers
N – Size of population
n - number of observations (sample size)
K - number of samples (each having n elements)
α (Alpha) - level of significance
v (Nu)- degrees of freedom
σ (Sigma)- standard deviation (population)
s - standard deviation (sample)
σ2 (Sigma)- Variance(population)
s2 - Variance (sample)
μ (Mu)- population mean
ρ (Rho)- population correlation coefficient
r - sample correlation coefficient
β (beta)- regression coefficients (population)
b - regression coefficients (sample)
Z - standard normal deviate
To understand types of error - WHAT ARE TYPE I AND TYPE II ERRORS?
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The commercial banking industry in India started in 1786 with the establishment of the Bank of Bengal in Calcutta.
The British India at the time established three Presidency banks, namely,
In 1921, the three Presidency banks were amalgamated to form the Imperial Bank of India, which took up the role of a commercial bank, a bankers' bank and a banker to the Government. The Imperial Bank of India was established mainly with European shareholders. After the establishment of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the central bank of the country in 1935, the role of the Imperial Bank of India came to an end.
![Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg[3]](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-eiBvuI9HE7w/WRf43NROIpI/AAAAAAAAD7A/V3LBSeQmE801Z5ArRu8H_vJ-XrXBLX1_gCHM/s1600-h/Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg%255B3%255D%255B3%255D "Seal_of_the_Reserve_Bank_of_India.svg[3]")
In 1865, the Allahabad Bank was established purely by Indian shareholders. Punjab National Bank came into being in 1895. Between 1906 and 1913, other banks like Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Canara Bank, Indian Bank, and Bank of Mysore were set up.
After independence, the Government of India started taking steps to encourage the spread of banking in India. In order to serve the economy in general and the rural sector in particular, the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee recommended the creation of a state-partnered and state-sponsored bank taking over the Imperial Bank of India and integrating with it, the former state-owned and state associate banks. Accordingly, State Bank of India (SBI) was constituted in 1955. Subsequently, in 1959, the State Bank of India (subsidiary bank) Act was passed, enabling the SBI to take over eight former state-associate banks as its subsidiaries.
To better align the banking system to the needs of planning and economic policy, it was considered necessary to have social control over banks. In 1969, 14 of the major private sector banks were nationalised. This was an important milestone in the history of Indian banking. This was followed by the nationalisation of another six private banks in 1980. With the nationalisation of these banks, the major segment of the banking sector came under the control of the Government. The nationalisation of banks boost to branch expansion in rural and semi-urban areas, which in turn resulted in huge deposit , thereby giving a boost to the overall savings rate of the economy. It also resulted in scaling up of lending to agriculture and its allied sectors.
To create a strong and competitive banking system, a number of reform measures were initiated in the early 1990s. The thrust of the reforms was on increasing operational efficiency, strengthening supervision over banks, creating competitive conditions and developing technological and institutional infrastructure. These measures led to the improvement in the financial health, soundness and efficiency of the banking system.
One important feature of the reforms of the 1990s was that the entry of new private sector banks was permitted. Following this decision, new banks such as ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, IDBI Bank (public bank) and UTI Bank (now Axis Bank) were set up.
Commercial banks in India have traditionally focused on meeting the short-term financial needs of industry, trade and agriculture. However, the increasing diversification of the Indian economy, the range of services extended by commercial banks.
Currently commercial banks in India are categorised into five different groups according to their ownership and/or nature of operation:
Private-sector banks
Payments Bank
Foreign banks with branches in India
Australian banks
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group
Commonwealth Bank of Australia
National Australia Bank
Westpac Banking Corporation
Bahraini banks
Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait
Bangladeshi banks
AB Bank
Sonali Bank
Belgian bank
Antwerp Diamond Bank
Canadian bank
Bank of Nova Scotia
Chinese bank
Industrial & Commercial Bank of China
French banks
BNP Paribas
Credit Agricole
Societe Generale
German banks
Deutsche Bank
Indonesian bank
Bank Internasional Indonesia
Japanese banks
Mizuho Corporate Bank
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi
Mauritian bank
State Bank of Mauritius
Dutch bank
Rabobank
Qatari bank
Doha bank
Russian banks
Sberbank
VTB
Omani bank
HSBC Bank Oman
Singaporean banks
DBS Bank
United Overseas Bank
South African bank
FirstRand Bank
South Korean banks
Shinhan Bank
Woori Bank
Sri Lankan bank
Bank of Ceylon
Swiss banks
Credit Suisse
UBS AG
Taiwanese bank
Chinatrust Commercial Bank
Thai bank
Krung Thai Bank
UAE banks
Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank
Mashreq Bank
UK banks
HSBC
Barclays Bank
Standard Chartered Bank
Royal Bank of Scotland
US banks
American Express
Bank of America
Citibank
J.P. Morgan Chase Bank
Regional Rural Banks
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pragathi Grameena Bank
Andhra Pradesh Grameena Vikas Bank
Chaitanya Godavari Grameena Bank
Saptagiri Grameena Bank
Assam
Assam Gramin Vikash Bank
Langpi Dehangi Rural Bank
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh Rural Bank
Bihar
Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank
Madhya Bihar Gramin Bank
Bihar Gramin Bank
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank
Gujarat
Dena Gujarat Gramin Bank
Baroda Gujarat Gramin Bank
Saurashtra Gramin Bank
Haryana
Sarva Haryana Gramin Bank
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh Gramin Bank
Jharkhand
Jharkhand Gramin Bank
Vananchal Gramin Bank
Jammu & Kashmir
Jammu And Kashmir Grameen Bank
Ellaquai Dehati Bank
Karnataka
Kaveri Grameena Bank
Karnataka Vikas Grameena Bank
Pragathi Krishna Gramin Bank
Kerala
Kerala Gramin Bank
Madhya Pradesh
Narmada Jhabua Gramin Bank
Central Madhya Pradesh Gramin Bank
Madhyanchal Gramin Bank
Maharashtra
Maharashtra Gramin Bank
Vidarbha Kokan Gramin Bank
Manipur
Manipur Rural Bank
Meghalaya
Meghalaya Rural Bank
Mizoram
Mizoram Rural Bank
Nagaland
Nagaland Rural Bank
Odisha
Odisha Gramya Bank
Odisha State Co-Operative Bank Ltd.
Utkal Grameen Bank
Rushikulya Gramya Bank
Punjab
Punjab Gramin Bank
Malwa Gramin Bank
Sutlej Gramin Bank
Puducherry
Puduvai Bharathiar Grama Bank
Rajasthan
Baroda Rajasthan Kshetriya Gramin Bank
Marudhara Rajasthan Gramin Bank
Tamil Nadu
Pandyan Grama Bank
Pallavan Grama Bank
Telangana
Telangana Grameena Bank
Tripura
Tripura Gramin Bank
Uttar Pradesh
Sarva UP Gramin Bank
Prathama Bank
Allahabad UP Gramin Bank
Baroda UP Gramin Bank
Gramin Bank Of Aryavrat
Kashi Gomti Samyukt Gramin Bank
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand Gramin Bank
West Bengal
Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank
Paschim Banga Gramin Bank
Uttarbanga Kshetriya Gramin Bank
Co-operative banks
State Co-operative Banks
Urban Co-operative Banks
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